The Treaty of Waitangi has been called New Zealand’s founding document, but is the source of much controversy and debate.
The Treaty was signed on 6 February 1840, by representatives of the British Crown, on behalf of people wishing to settle in this country, and Māori chiefs, representatives of hapu (or sub-tribes), from the north of New Zealand’s North Island.
After the initial signing, copies of the Treaty were taken around New Zealand. Over the following months, many other chiefs signed.
In theory, the Treaty established a British governor in New Zealand, recognized Māori ownership of their lands and other properties, and gave Māori the rights of British subjects.
There is however little consensus about what was agreed to, since the English and Māori versions of the Treaty differ significantly. From the British point of view, the Treaty gave them sovereignty over New Zealand, and the Governor the right to run the country; Māori seem to have had a range of understandings, many of which conflicted with the British perception. Over time this led to struggle and disagreement, much of it bloody and bitter.
Today, the New Zealand Government recognises that the Treaty as a 'living' agreement which must grow and develop with time. Therefore, it has formed 'principles' to aid and help in furthering the understanding of the Treaty.
Māori political demonstration has kept the Treaty debate alive. Although it has been a struggle, we are now beginning to see rewards, and while the gap in understanding between Māori and the Government has not closed, dialogue has truly begun and the discussion will continue to evolve.
